Adult kidney cancer in Yaoundé: epidemiological and clinical aspects

Abstract

Aim: To study the epidemiological and clinical profiles of adult kidney cancer in Yaoundé.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective analytical study that took place from January 2010 to June 2015 in the urology departments of the Yaoundé Central and General Hospital. Patients treated for renal tumors and those who had undergone nephrectomy were included.

Results: We included 35 cases of renal cancer. The mean age of the patients was 54.69 ± 13.87 years with a female predominance (76%). No major risk factors were identified. The location of the renal tumor was mainly on the right (66%). The circumstances of discovery were dominated by lumbar pain (91%), haematuria (49%) and lumbar masses (29%). %). Renal masses on the right were detected by ultrasound (66%) and CT scan (57%), with a predominance located in the upper right pole (60%). Tumour stages I (40%), II (29%) according to ROBSON, T2 (37%), T1 (17%) and T3 (17%) were the most common. Enlarged nephrectomy was performed in 24 patients (69%), partial nephrectomy in 3 patients (9%), and surgery for metastases in 6% (n=2). Clear cell carcinoma was found in 66% (n=23), 3 cases of angiomyolipoma (8%) and 4 cases of complex cysts (11%) were recorded.

Conclusion: The incidence of adult kidney cancer in Cameroon is low, with a predominance of localized and locally advanced forms.