Odontogenic cellulitis in the town of Mbalmayo: epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects

Abstract

Introduction: Odontogenic cellulitis is a potentially serious condition that can be life threatening if not managed appropriately. They are fairly common in Africa, particularly Cameroon. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of odontogenic cellulitis in the town of Mbalmayo, Cameroon.

Methodology: A four-month descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the oral medicine departments of three hospitals in the town of Mbalmayo. We included all patients with odontogenic cellulitis who came for consultation, were treated at one of the three facilities and had given informed consent. Patients who withdrew their informed consent were excluded. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data were collected and analysed using EPI info software version 3.3.2.

Results: Out of 446 consultations, 54 cases of odontogenic cellulitis were diagnosed (12.1%). The sex ratio was 0.9. The average age was 32.3 years. Pupils and students were the most affected (33.3%). The risk factors found were poor oral hygiene (79.6%) and the use of NSAIDs (63%), which delayed consultation. Pulpal necrosis (85%) was the main aetiology. Circumscribed cellulitis (83.3%) and diffuse cellulitis (16.7%) were found. Diagnosis was clinical and radiological. Management included dual or triple antibiotic therapy, local care and aetiological treatment depending on the context. Mortality was 2%.

Conclusion: Odontogenic cellulitis is common in the town of Mbalmayo. Preventive measures and early management of cases need to be put in place.