ISSN = 3007-6684 ; e-ISSN = 3078-4212 The Journal of Science and Diseases (JSD) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal that provides a global platform for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners to explore and share research on pressing public policy issues. We are committed to advancing knowledge and fostering informed dialogue in the field of applied public policy. JSD publishes high-quality, original research articles, case studies, policy analyses, and reviews that address real-world challenges and offer practical policy recommendations. Our aim is to bridge the gap between academic research and policy implementation by encouraging interdisciplinary perspectives and evidence-based insights. We welcome submissions from multidisciplinary perspective ( Internal Medicine and Specialities, Surgery and specialities, Gynecology-Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, Pediatrics, Odontostomalogy, Nursing and Health Sciences, Morphological Sciences and Medical Imaging, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Practices, Public Health and Social sciences, Biological Sciences ). All manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure the highest standards of academic integrity and relevance. Join our growing community of contributors and readers from around the world. Share your research, engage in critical debates, and contribute to shaping better public policies for a more equitable and sustainable future. Submit your manuscript today and be part of a journal dedicated to impactful scholarship and meaningful change.
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Sangmelima
Impact of oral diseases on the quality of life of children with sickle cell disease in two hospitals in the city of Yaoundé: a multicenter analytical study
Context: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of oral and dental diseases on the quality of life of children s with sickle cell disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in two hospitals in Yaounde from January to April 2025, involving sickle cell children followed up and managed at the Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation and at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital. Socio-demographic, oral data and quality of life were collected using a pre-tested data sheet. Oral diseases were recorded during an oral examination. Quality of life was assessed using the COHIP-SF-19 questionnaire, Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 and Python software. Version 3.9. Results: 200 children with sickle cell disease (SD 10.95 ± 3.53 years) were recruited, with a sex ratio of 1. The main oral diseases found were malocclusions (91.5%), dental caries (75.5%), gingivitis (39%) and maxillary prognathism (8%). One third of the children (34.5%) had a poor quality of life. The presence of dental caries (p = 0.001), gingivitis (p = 0.0007) and malocclusions (p < 0.001) was associated with poor quality of life in children with sickle cell disease. Malocclusions also significantly affected socio-emotional well-being (p = 0.0002), school functioning (p = 0.001) and self-image (p < 0.001). Conclusion: One-third of children with sickle cell disease recruited had a poor quality of life. This was associated with dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusions.
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Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, Dietary and Lifestyle Factors of patients with stroke at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon
Introduction: Stroke is a growing health issue in Africa. This study aimed to analyze sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, and lifestyle factors in stroke patients at Douala General Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted from October 1, 2019, to January 15, 2020. Consecutive sampling included 52 confirmed stroke patients aged over 21. Data were collected via structured questionnaires. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 52 patients, 34 had ischemic stroke (65.4%) and 18 hemorrhagic stroke (34.6%). Ischemic stroke was associated with higher waist circumference (p=0.015), frequent consumption of refined oil (p=0.021), chronic stress (p=0.004), and excessive alcohol consumption (p=0.039). Conclusion: Ischemic stroke patients exhibited a less favorable risk profile. Small sample size limits generalizability. Larger studies are needed.
Predictive value of anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count in ovarian stimulation response in Cameroonian women
Background: Infertility affects one in six adults globally, with assisted reproductive techniques (ART) offering tailored treatment options. Predicting ovarian response is essential to optimize outcomes and minimize risks. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Antral Follicle Count (AFC) are key markers of ovarian reserve. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of the combined use of AFC and AMH in the prediction of ovarian response in ART techniques. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 282 African women aged 20–43 undergoing IVF/ICSI at CHRACERH, Yaoundé. AMH levels were measured via electro-chemiluminescence and AFC via transvaginal ultrasound. Ovarian response was categorized as poor (<4 oocytes), normal (4–19), or hyper-response (≥20). Statistical analyses included correlation tests and multivariate regression. Results: Normal response occurred in 70.2% of participants; 27% were poor responders. AMH and AFC showed strong positive correlations with both follicle count and mature oocyte yield (p < 0.001). Age and BMI were negatively associated with ovarian response. AFC remained a significant predictor of follicle count in multivariate analysis, while AMH showed borderline significance for mature oocytes. FSH and estradiol levels were less predictive. Conclusion: AMH and AFC are reliable predictors of ovarian response in African women. AFC, being more accessible and cost-effective, may serve as a practical alternative to AMH in low-resource settings. Age and BMI significantly influence ovarian reserve and stimulation outcomes.
Evaluation of the quality of concentrated milk consumed in the city of Yaoundé
Introduction: Condensed milk is widely consumed in Cameroonian cities due to its accessibility. This research assesses the safety and quality of condensed milk available in Yaoundé to address these public health concerns. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and analytical. A census of different brands of sweetened condensed milk was made with the aim of collecting samples in supermarkets and local markets in the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon. To do this, we were interested in sanitary quality control through a series of physico-chemical analyses, microbiological analyses and sensory analyses using CODEX and ISO standards. Results: A total of nine separate brands were collected from the city’s markets. Most of the physico-chemical parameters complied with the standards. Labelling compliance was 88.9% (8/9), with one brand having no information on the manufacturer. We observed that the milks had an acceptable creamy-white colour (55.6%); brown (22.2%) indicating thermal alteration/degradation; non-dairy odours (77.8%) and excessive sweetness (44.4%). Most pH values (55.6%) were within the standard range (6.5-6.7). Microbiological tests revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in all the samples studied, while total coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, yeasts and moulds were absent in all samples. Conclusion: While these results indicate effective pasteurization, the universal presence of Staphylococcus aureus and significant sensory deviations from Codex Alimentarius standards highlight critical gaps in hygiene and storage. Ultimately, systemic improvements in the cold chain and sanitary protocols are essential to rectify quality inconsistencies and mitigate public health risks.
Prevention of Sickle Cell Disease: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preconception Practices among Women of Childbearing Age at the Yaoundé Mother and Child Centre, 2023
Introduction: sickle cell disease is a widespread genetic disorder in worlwide, with an incidence of 75% in sub-Saharan Africa. It is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is associated with high morbidity and infant mortality. In Cameroon, sickle cell trait is present in 20-30% of the population. This study aims to assess preconception knowledge, attitudes and practices related to sickle cell disease among women of childbearing age. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Yaoundé Mother and Child Centre from April 2023 to January 2024 among women aged 15 to 49 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 27 software. Results: Among the 508 participants, 68.7% were aged 19–34 years. More than half knew their hemoglobin electrophoresis results (54.9%), and 51.9% of women were aware of their partner’s sickle cell status. Sickle cell disease and its mode of transmission were known to 59.3% of the women. In addition, 43.7% knew their children's sickle cell status. Although 64.7% considered genetic counseling and premarital screening useful, preventive practices remained insufficiently implemented despite generally favorable attitudes toward screening. Conclusion: Knowledge about sickle cell disease is acceptable, but attitudes and practices remain inadequate. Strengthening preconception interventions is necessary to reduce the incidence of sickle cell disease.
Adult kidney cancer in Yaoundé: epidemiological and clinical aspects
Aim: To study the epidemiological and clinical profiles of adult kidney cancer in Yaoundé. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective analytical study that took place from January 2010 to June 2015 in the urology departments of the Yaoundé Central and General Hospital. Patients treated for renal tumors and those who had undergone nephrectomy were included. Results: We included 35 cases of renal cancer. The mean age of the patients was 54.69 ± 13.87 years with a female predominance (76%). No major risk factors were identified. The location of the renal tumor was mainly on the right (66%). The circumstances of discovery were dominated by lumbar pain (91%), haematuria (49%) and lumbar masses (29%). %). Renal masses on the right were detected by ultrasound (66%) and CT scan (57%), with a predominance located in the upper right pole (60%). Tumour stages I (40%), II (29%) according to ROBSON, T2 (37%), T1 (17%) and T3 (17%) were the most common. Enlarged nephrectomy was performed in 24 patients (69%), partial nephrectomy in 3 patients (9%), and surgery for metastases in 6% (n=2). Clear cell carcinoma was found in 66% (n=23), 3 cases of angiomyolipoma (8%) and 4 cases of complex cysts (11%) were recorded. Conclusion: The incidence of adult kidney cancer in Cameroon is low, with a predominance of localized and locally advanced forms.
Knowledge and adherence to lifestyle and dietary measures among patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study at Garoua General Hospital
Introduction: Hygiene and dietary measures (HDM) represent one of the cornerstones of diabetes management. The aim of our study was to evaluate the knowledge of and adherence to HDM among patients with type 2 diabetes at the Garoua General Hospital (HGG). Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 5-month period among a population of type 2 diabetes patients attending outpatient nutrition consultations who had provided their consent. Sociodemographic, clinical, knowledge, and adherence variables regarding HDM were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with Epi Info software version 7.2.6.0. Results: A total of 115 patients were included, with a male predominance (54.7%) and a mean age of 49.8±13.8 years. Most patients had recent diabetes (<1 year), chronically uncontrolled (73.1%), treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (54.7%) and demonstrated good medication adherence (89.5%). Over half of the patients (53.1%) had poor knowledge of HDM but generally adhered to them. About 30% rated their meals as of average quality, while continuing to consume simple sugars and saturated fats. Regular physical activity was reported by 60% of patients. The main barriers to HDM adherence were lack of time (26.1%), lack of motivation (19.1%), and financial difficulties (9.5%). Patients suggested the establishment of support groups (45.2%), more frequent medical follow-up (37.3%), and reinforced nutritional education (16.5%). Conclusion: Among T2D patients at HGG, knowledge of HDM remains limited despite adequate adherence, highlighting the need to strengthen education, psychosocial support, and medical follow-up.
Challenges in the Medical Drug Supply Chain: A Focus on Procurement, Inventory management and Transport/distribution of Anaesthetic Drugs at the Bamenda Regional Hospital
Background: Effective supply chain management is critical for ensuring the availability of anaesthetic drugs, which are essential for surgical procedures and patient safety. In resource-constrained settings like in Cameroon’s Northwest Region, systemic challenges compounded by socio-economic instability, may compromise drug availability and quality. This study aimed to identify and analyse challenges in the anaesthetic drug supply chain, focusing on procurement, inventory management, transport, and distribution, and to propose context-adapted recommendations for improving efficiency and reliability. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2023 to March 2024 at Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH) and the Northwest Regional Fund for Health Promotion. Participants included healthcare and logistics personnel involved in the anaesthetic drug supply chain. Data were collected via inventory records and a structured 19-item questionnaire assessing procurement, inventory management and transport conditions/distribution processes. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: Of 18 personnel included, 55.6% reported poorly managed ordering, and 33.3% cited absent emergency resupply points affecting procurement. On inventory, 50.0% reported difficulties maintaining stock levels, 100.0% noted inefficient inventory software, and 22.2% reported infrequent monitoring. On transportation/distribution, 88.9% reported inadequate temperature control, 27.8% noted compromised drugs, and 55.6% cited inadequate storage causing wastage. Conclusion: This descriptive study identified inefficiencies in procurement, inventory management, transport/distribution that were reported by staff at BRH. Recommendations include implementing real-time inventory software, enhancing staff training, upgrading storage facilities, and adopting temperature-controlled transport in resource-limited settings.
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of ametropia in children under 16 years of age at the friendship Chad-China University Teaching Hospital in N'djamena
Background: Refractive errors are a common reason for children to visit an ophthalmologist. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of refractive errors in a hospital setting. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study conducted from August 2024 to July 2025 at the CHU-ATC, including all children under the age of 16 diagnosed with ametropia. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were studied. SPSS 18.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: Among the 379 patients consulted during the study period, 102 patients under the age of 16 were included, representing a hospital frequency of 10.76%. The average age was 10.7±3.1 years, with a predominance in the 6-10 age group (65.7%). Males accounted for 57.8%. Patients had a secondary education level in 60.8% of cases. The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity (55.9%), tearing (9.8%), and asthenopia (8.8%). Astigmatism (56.9%) in all forms was the most common refractive error, followed by myopia (23.5%) and hyperopia (19.6%). Conclusion: refractive errors are common in males in our study. Astigmatism is the most common refractive error and mainly affects boys aged 11 to 15, corresponding to secondary school age. Screening for ametropia should be considered to reduce the impact of visual disorders in school-age children.
Extrapatrimonial Damage Linked to Penile Prosthesis Injury: Experience of the Urology-Andrology Department of the Yaoundé Central Hospital
Background: The aim of our study was to determine the extra-patrimonial damages and the average duration of incapacity in patients presenting with injury linked to the placement of a penile prosthesis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with retrospective data collection carried out in the Urology-Andrology department of the Yaoundé Central Hospital, between November 2022 and June 2025. The complete files of 15 patients with penile implants were included. The variables analyzed concerned sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, operative indications, postoperative complications, duration of incapacity, evolution and satisfaction of the couple. The data collected was entered and then analyzed using Epi info 3.5.1 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Results: The mean age was 63.7 years. The main indication was severe post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction (53%). Malleable implants were used in 80% of cases. Complications occurred in 33% of patients (infection 13.3%, erosion 6.7%, hematoma 6.7%, mechanical dysfunction 6.7%). Overall satisfaction was 80%, and the average permanent partial disability was estimated between 1–5%. Conclusion: Penile prosthesis injury mainly affects elderly patients. Despite a high risk of infection, satisfaction remains high. A medico-legal recognition of non-pecuniary damage is essential for fair compensation.
Study of the reasons for non-vaccination in 3 neighborhoods of the Ebolowa health district
Introduction: Vaccination is an effective measure for preventing mortality linked to certain pathologies. The aim of our study was to determine the reasons for non-vaccination of infants in 3 neighborhoods of the Ebolowa health district. Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in 3 neighbourhoods of the Ebolowa district. Our study included infants aged 0-24 months present in the health district during the study period and whose mothers had given informed consent. Results: 83 children aged to 00 to 24 months were identified. Half (50.6%) lived in rural areas. Sixty-seven point five percent of the mothers had a secondary education. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was complete for 72.9% of the children, representing a dropout rate of 27.1%. The main reasons for children not being vaccinated were insufficient knowledge about vaccination (18,2%), lack of time (36.4%), and, equally, lack of financial resources and remoteness (18.1%). All children in the study had received the first dose of vaccination. Conclusion: Despite our efforts, vaccination coverage remains incomplete, below the national threshold, and a large number of children are still not correctly vaccinated.
Pre-analytical compliance assessment in anatomopathology: implications for surgical care safety in two hospitals in Cameroon
Background: In surgery, anatomic pathology examination conditions major therapeutic decisions. The pre-analytical phase generates 85% of errors likely to impact patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pre-analytical non-conformities in histological samples on the quality of surgical care, with comparative analysis across surgical specialities. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2023 in two Yaoundé hospitals. Exhaustive sampling of 276 consecutive histological samples evaluated according to a standardized checklist based on AFAQAP and ISO 15189 recommendations. Analyzed criteria included complete patient and prescriber identification, temporal traceability, histological fixation conditions, and biological safety documentation. Descriptive analyses with 95% confidence intervals and comparisons using Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Overall compliance rate was 65.2%. Critical non-conformities concerned collection time (91% non-compliance), fixative concentration, and infectious status (100% non-compliance). Complete patient identification was achieved in only 83.3% of cases. Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences among surgical specialties (p>0.05), confirming the systemic nature of observed failures. Conclusion: Pre-analytical failures expose all surgical patients to major diagnostic risks compromising therapeutic safety. The systemic and cross-specialty nature of these failures requires a comprehensive approach integrating documentary standardization and continuing education.
From Paper to Digital: Impact of SMS-Based Reminders on Immunization Adherence in Ebolowa Health district, April – October 2025
Introduction: Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the effect of transitioning from a paper-based reminder system to an SMS-based digital reminder system on immunization adherence among children aged 0–59 months in the Ebolowa Health District. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted from April to October 2025 in fifteen health facilities in the Ebolowa Health District. During the baseline phase, vaccination adherence data were collected under the routine paper-based system. The intervention phase introduced automated SMS reminders sent to caregivers 48 hours before and on the day of scheduled vaccination appointments. Quantitative indicators included timeliness of vaccination, missed appointments, and completion rates, while qualitative data were obtained from caregivers and health workers. Statistical analyses used Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The SMS reminder intervention significantly improved immunization adherence. On-time vaccination increased from 63.7% to 85.2%. Coverage for Penta 1 rose from 529 to 713, and Penta 3 from 532 to 622. Catch-up activities identified 1,973 zero-dose children and 1,337 under-vaccinated children. SMS delivery success reached 99%, and overall satisfaction was high (95%). Caregiver recall reduced missed appointments, and increased confidence in the system, despite challenges such as network instability. Conclusion: SMS-based reminders improved immunization adherence and coverage in the Ebolowa Health District. Integrating digital reminder systems into Cameroon’s national immunization program could enhance vaccination monitoring.
Tympanometric screening for otitis media with effusion and Eustachian tube dysfunction in a pediatric population in Yaoundé: A cross-sectional study
Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) constitute significant causes of pediatric hearing impairment. This study aimed to determine the frequency of OME and ETD and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 children (127 males; mean age 6.1 ± 3.8 years) attending Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital between January 1st to June 30th 2025. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through structured questionnaires. Tympanometry was performed using a tympanometer with a 226-Hz probe tone. OME was defined by type B or C2 tympanograms, and ETD by type C1 tympanogram. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with OME and ETD. Results: The frequency of OME was 20.0% (51/255) and ETD was 20.4% (52/255). Prevalence was significantly higher in children ≤5 years compared to older age groups (OME: 80.4% vs 19.6%, ETD: 63.5% vs 36.5%; p < 0.001). Only 10.7% (11/103) of affected children had parental hearing concerns, and 47.6% (49/103) had abnormal otoscopic findings. In multivariate analysis, age ≤5 years remained the only significant independent factor associated with OME and ETD (adjusted OR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.29-13.64, p < 0.001). The final model explained 19% of outcome variance (Nagelkerke R² = 0.194) with good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p = 0.591). Conclusion: OME and ETD represent substantial unrecognized issue in Children. The discordance between objective findings and clinical detection highlights symptom-based surveillance inadequacy.
Clinical profile of paediatric tuberculosis at the Nkomo District Medical Centre in Yaoundé in 2024
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem despite the availability of vaccines and appropriate treatments. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical profile of a cohort of patients followed for pediatric tuberculosis in an urban health district of Yaoundé. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted over an 18-month period at the Nkomo District Medical Center. We included all records of patients aged 0 to 19 years who were being monitored for pediatric tuberculosis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: We collected 42 cases of tuberculosis. The mean age was 11.83 years (range 6 months to 18 years) with a sex ratio of 1.21. The incidence was 71.4%. HIV co-infection accounted for 19%. The index case was present in 26.2%. Cough, fever, and night sweats were found in 69%. Pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 73.8%. Bacteriology was positive in 77.4%, with 11.9% of cases resistant to rifampicin. The main paraclinical tests requested were TB lamp (23.8%), chest X-ray (23.8%), and GeneXpert (21.4%). Negative BAAR in biological secretions was achieved in the second month in 82% of cases. Complete recovery was achieved in 76.2% of cases. Conclusion: Pediatric tuberculosis is a public health problem in Cameroon. Adolescents are the most affected. Pulmonary localization was the most common. Resistant forms accounted for one-tenth of the sample. Death occurred in one-quarter of the subjects.
Epidemiological and clinical profile of patients admitted for neurological emergencies at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon
Introduction: Neurological emergencies are a major global health challenge, with a significant burden in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients presenting with these acute conditions at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Methods: A descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over five months at the Douala General Hospital Emergency Department. Data from all 44 patients admitted for a neurological emergency were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Neurological emergencies represented 3.32% (44/1324) of emergency admissions, primarily affecting males (sex ratio 2.4:1) with a mean age of 54.97 years. The most common presentation was altered consciousness (75%). A concerning mean delay to consultation of 30.42 hours was noted, with 68.2% of transport being non-medical. Hypertension (34.1%) was the key comorbidity. On admission, 40.9% were in a deep coma (GCS ≤8). The main etiologies were Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (43.2%), followed by stroke (18.2%) and metabolic encephalopathy (18.2%). The overall mortality rate was high at 27.3%. Cardio-respiratory arrest was a significant predictor of mortality (p<0.001). Conclusion: TBI is the leading cause of neurological emergencies at this urban Cameroonian hospital, followed by stroke and metabolic disorders. The high mortality underscores the critical need for better pre-hospital care, robust public health initiatives against vascular risk factors, and enhanced institutional capacities for advanced diagnosis and therapy.
Cardiovascular Mortality in a Referral Internal Medicine Department in Cameroon
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant public health concern, responsible for more than 75% of deaths in low- and middle-income countries. In Cameroon, however, epidemiological data is limited. This study describes cardiovascular-related deaths in the Department of Internal Medicine at Douala General Hospital (DGH). Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a ten-year period from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022. Patients aged 18 years and older who were admitted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records using a predesigned data collection form. Results: Of the 16,428 admissions, 1,840 (11.2%) were due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), predominantly among men (55.1%), with an average age of 60 ± 15 years. Among the 1,795 patients followed until discharge, 303 deaths were recorded, corresponding to an overall mortality rate of 1.8%, which was higher among men (17.2%). The mortality rate decreased from 0.27% in 2013 to 0.13% in 2022. The overall case fatality rate was 16.8%, primarily due to stroke (12.8%, including 8% hemorrhagic and 4.8% ischemic) and heart failure (2.6%). Over the study period, the case fatality rate decreased from 21% to 17.8%. Conclusion: CVDs remain a major concern in Cameroon, with high case fatality rates linked to management challenges. Reducing this burden requires effective prevention strategies, strengthened technical resources, and improved quality of care.
Epidemiological and therapeutic profile of patients operated on for tonsillar surgery: three-year experience in a a Hospîtal in the Sourthern Region of Cameroon
Introduction: The objective of this work was to describe the epidemioclinical and therapeutical profile of patients who underwent tonsillar surgery. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of patient records of tonsil removals performed between July 2022 and October 2025 at the Ebolowa Regional Hospital. The variables were age, sex, reason for consultation, medical history, indication, surgical technique, antibiotic therapy, complications, and length of hospital stay. Data were processed using SPSS 23 and Excel 2016. Results: Of 122 ENT surgical from the department, tonsillar surgeries represented 33.6% (n=41). The male-to-female ratio was 0.86. The mean age was 7.6 years. Snoring was the reason for consultation in 19.5% (n=7) of cases. A history of rhinopharyngitis accounted for 48.8% (n=20) of cases. Adenoidectomy was performed in 36.58% (n=15, including 9 nasopharyngeal X-rays and 6 nasofibroscopies). Tonsillar hypertrophy with sleep apnea (n=12; 29.26%) and recurrent tonsillitis (n=10; 24.39%) were the main indications. Extracapsular tonsillectomy was performed in 53.65% (n=22), with 31.7% (n=13) of these combined with adenoidectomy. Adenoidectomy alone accounted for 14.63% (n=6). Antibiotic therapy was beneficial in 28 patients (68.29%). Hospitalization lasted 2 days in 37 patients (90.24%). We noted one injury to the posterior pharyngeal wall and two cases of bleeding. A repeat adenoidectomy was performed 4 months later. Conclusion: Tonsillar surgery is frequent procedure in our practice but is not without risks.
Socio-demographic and clinical profile of osteoarticular complications of sickle cell disease in children in two hospitals in Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Background: Sickle cell disease, the most common genetic disorder in Cameroon, causes chronic osteoarticular complications, the incidence of which in children is unknown. The aim of our study was to describe osteoarticular complications in children with sickle cell disease. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving prospective and retrospective data collection among children with sickle cell disease under the age of 15 over a five-year period in two university hospitals in the city of Yaoundé. The data collected were presented as mean ± standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. Results: Among the 342 children with sickle cell disease seen during this period, there were 51 cases of osteoarticular involvement, representing an incidence of 14.9%. The mean age was 8.7± 4.2 years, with children over 5 years of age being the most affected, and a predominance of males. About prophylaxis, 21.6% were on hydroxyurea and 29.4% were vaccinated against salmonella. The two main symptoms were osteoarticular pain (92.2%) and fever (58.8%). Osteoarticular complications included osteomyelitis (22 cases; 43.3%), osteoarthritis (19 cases; 37.3%), aseptic osteonecrosis (7 cases; 13.7%) and septic arthritis (3 cases; 5.9%). The main organisms isolated from osteoarticular infections were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Conclusion: Osteoarticular complications were common in children with sickle cell disease, particularly osteoarticular infections, with a predilection for 8-year-olds and males.
Superimposed preeclampsia: epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects in four hospitals in the city of Douala, Cameroon
Introduction: Superimposed preeclampsia (PE) is the occurrence of PE in a woman with chronic hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation. It is a common condition of varying severity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects of superimposed preeclampsia in four hospitals in the city of Douala Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study with prospective data collection was conducted among 178 patients in four hospitals in the city of Douala, Cameroon. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the typical profile and complications associated with the onset of superimposed PE. Results: Preeclampsia was the most frequently found entity in 52% of cases, followed by gestational hypertension in 26.9% (n=47) of cases, then superimposed preeclampsia with 16.0%. The mean age of the study population was 29.85 ± 6.27 years. Retroplacental hematoma was the maternal complication significantly associated with superimposed PE (OR = 4.200 [1.142; 15.441]; P = 0.031). Acute fetal asphyxia, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, fetal death in utero, and perinatal death were significantly associated with superimposed PE (P values: 0.000; 0.039; 0.000; 0.016; 0.005, respectively). Conclusion: Although superimposed PE is less common, it is associated with higher maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We recommend close monitoring of patients with chronic hypertension in order to improve their maternal and fetal prognosis.
Patients perception of early rehabilitation after surgery following a Mastectomy: experience from the Anesthesiology Unit of the Douala General Hospital
Background: Early rehabilitation following mastectomy is critical for preventing complications and improving quality of life. However, patient perception and engagement can be influenced by various factors, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess patients' perceptions of early post-mastectomy rehabilitation at the Douala General Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over twenty-two months, enrolling 50 female patients post-mastectomy via convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed socio-demographics, perceptions, knowledge, barriers, and information sources. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test). Results: Most participants (88%) held a positive perception of early rehabilitation. However, specific knowledge was limited; while 72% understood its role in improving mobility, only 34% were aware of its importance in preventing lymphedema. Knowledge was significantly associated with education level (p < 0.05). The primary barriers were post-operative pain (68%), fear of suture dehiscence (54%), and insufficient information from healthcare providers (46%). Physicians and nurses were the main information sources, but the education provided was often perceived as inadequate. Conclusion: A significant gap exists between patients' positive attitudes towards rehabilitation and their detailed knowledge, which hinders implementation. Post-operative pain, fear, and inadequate patient education are major barriers. Structured, multimodal educational programs are urgently needed to empower patients, manage expectations, and improve adherence to rehabilitation protocols in this setting.
Difficulties in the management of huge squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal tip: a case report in a sub–Saharan setting
A large proportion of malignancies of the external nose can be managed with limited resection and local reconstruction or, in some cases, radiotherapy. These tumors require thorough care from diagnostic suspicion and confirmation to surgical and/or oncologic treatment and rehabilitation. The patient was a 57-year-old male sheep keeper in the Far North Cameroon mountains, presenting with a volcano-shaped lesion on the nasal tip measuring 12 cm x 7cm, growing gradually over the last 5 years. Before his consultation, he underwent traditional medications and local dressings without any good results. We performed a biopsy two months after, and the histological analysis demonstrated a squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was scheduled for a total rhinectomy and radiotherapy after all. The surgery and oncologic treatment were successfully performed two months later due to the economic burden of such procedures. At the time this case was reported, there was no local recurrence, but the patient still needed a prosthesis for reconstruction. Increased awareness among both the general population and healthcare professionals regarding head and neck cancers may facilitate earlier access for patients to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Rare haemorrhage of the septum pellucidum and caudocapsular lacuna discovered during assessment of a stroke: A case report
Strokes are a common and serious complication of cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis combined with appropriate treatment within specified time frames reduces morbidity and mortality. We present the clinical case of a 59-year-old man presenting with sudden onset of right hemiparesis, in whom magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a haematoma of the septum pellucidum, associated with a caudocapsular lacuna. The extremely rare location of this non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage and its association with cerebral ischaemia in a patient with normal blood pressure make this clinical case of particular interest.
Waardenburg syndrome: about a case at the Douala General Hospital
Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic anomaly characterized by deafness, pigmentary disorders and abnormalities of structures deriving from the neural crest. There are 4 types with variable genetic expressions and clinical presentations. We report the case of a child with type 2 Waardenburg syndrome.
COVID-19 infection in two homozygous sickle cell patients in a reference hospital in Cameroon: Case reports
We report two cases of COVID-19 infection. The first was a 22-year-old female and the second one a 42-year-old male, were both homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) patients known since their childhood, but with different medical follow-ups for SCD. Initially, they were admitted to the hospital for a vaso-occlusive crisis. They both subsequently developed respiratory symptoms for which the Initial diagnosis of acute chest syndrome was made. Meanwhile, SARS-COV-2 infection was a potential differential diagnosis due to the prevailing use of COVID-19 pandemic. This infection was subsequently confirmed in these patients, and the common pathophysiological trends described in both conditions were observed, as well as clinical and biological manifestations that could be assimilated to both disease entities. Both patients were managed with the national COVID-19 disease protocol while maintaining specific treatment elements for vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell patients. Both had favourable outcomes. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, a high index of clinical suspicion of COVID-19 disease is warranted in SCD patients presenting with respiratory symptoms to reduce the morbid mortality of both sickle cell disease and COVID-19.