Evaluation of the quality of concentrated milk consumed in the city of Yaoundé

Abstract

Introduction: Condensed milk is widely consumed in Cameroonian cities due to its accessibility. This research assesses the safety and quality of condensed milk available in Yaoundé to address these public health concerns.

Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and analytical. A census of different brands of sweetened condensed milk was made with the aim of collecting samples in supermarkets and local markets in the city of Yaoundé in Cameroon. To do this, we were interested in sanitary quality control through a series of physico-chemical analyses, microbiological analyses and sensory analyses using CODEX and ISO standards.

Results: A total of nine separate brands were collected from the city’s markets. Most of the physico-chemical parameters complied with the standards. Labelling compliance was 88.9% (8/9), with one brand having no information on the manufacturer. We observed that the milks had an acceptable creamy-white colour (55.6%); brown (22.2%) indicating thermal alteration/degradation; non-dairy odours (77.8%) and excessive sweetness (44.4%). Most pH values (55.6%) were within the standard range (6.5-6.7). Microbiological tests revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in all the samples studied, while total coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, yeasts and moulds were absent in all samples.

Conclusion: While these results indicate effective pasteurization, the universal presence of Staphylococcus aureus and significant sensory deviations from Codex Alimentarius standards highlight critical gaps in hygiene and storage. Ultimately, systemic improvements in the cold chain and sanitary protocols are essential to rectify quality inconsistencies and mitigate public health risks.