Clinical, biological, morphological and histological profile of prostate cancer at the Central Hospital in Yaounde

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer is a public health problem. In sub-Saharan Africa in general, prostate cancer is diagnosed late. We therefore set out to study the clinical, biological, morphological and histological profile of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study over a period of 10 years in the Urology Department of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH). We included all patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Results: The median age of our patients was 73 years. The most common reason for consultation was acute retention of urine (78.5%). The digital rectal examination was suspicious in 71 patients (54.6%). Haemoglobin levels were below 12 in 76.8% of patients, and PSA levels were above 100 in 70.7%. urine microscopy and culture found a germ in 96.6% of patients. On TRUS, the prostate had at least one nodule in 70% of cases. finger-guided prostate biopsy was the most commonly used sampling technique (67.7%); the ISUP prognostic group with the highest representation was group 3 (54.6%); adenocarcinoma was the only histological type found in all cases. Metastases were found in 92.3% of patients. Bone metastases were the most common on CT scan (74.2%). In terms of TNM classification, patients were more likely to be classified as T4N1M1 (64.6%).

Conclusion: Prostate cancer at the Yaounde Central Hospital is synchromatic and therefore advanced. There is a need to set up screening policy and a national registry.