Prevention of Sickle Cell Disease: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preconception Practices among Women of Childbearing Age at the Yaoundé Mother and Child Centre, 2023

Abstract

Introduction: sickle cell disease is a widespread genetic disorder in worlwide, with an incidence of 75% in sub-Saharan Africa. It is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner and is associated with high morbidity and infant mortality. In Cameroon, sickle cell trait is present in 20-30% of the population. This study aims to assess preconception knowledge, attitudes and practices related to sickle cell disease among women of childbearing age.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Yaoundé Mother and Child Centre from April 2023 to January 2024 among women aged 15 to 49 years. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 27 software.

Results: Among the 508 participants, 68.7% were aged 19–34 years. More than half knew their hemoglobin electrophoresis results (54.9%), and 51.9% of women were aware of their partner’s sickle cell status. Sickle cell disease and its mode of transmission were known to 59.3% of the women. In addition, 43.7% knew their children's sickle cell status. Although 64.7% considered genetic counseling and premarital screening useful, preventive practices remained insufficiently implemented despite generally favorable attitudes toward screening.

Conclusion: Knowledge about sickle cell disease is acceptable, but attitudes and practices remain inadequate. Strengthening preconception interventions is necessary to reduce the incidence of sickle cell disease.